Creationism and Baraminology Research News

I've got a lot of stuff I'd like to post, but not enough time to post it. Anyway, Mark Stewart has been collecting a list and recently forwarded it to me with permission to post it. It's very interesting.

Many Creationists use living fossils to ask questions of evolution, such as "why have these things not evolved for so many million years", or, in the case where forms are absent from the intervening periods, "if the fossil record completely missed these, what confidence can we have that the known extents of fossil record existence has anything to do with the actual extents of their existence (i.e. if it went missing for 100 million years, how do we know that it wasn't around 100 million years before the first fossil, or that any fossil wasn't around in completely different time periods, or that the periods are even time periods at all).

However, we are more concerned about what this says about Creationary models. One thing I thought about was that many current flood theories explain the pattern of fossils through an ecological zonation theory -- that is, the fossil record is the record of successive habitats that were overwhelmed by the flood. That's why we find fossils in transitional habitats but not transitional fossils -- i.e. that first you have ocean-bottom dwellers, then fish (well, you have fish pretty much everywhere), and then you have amphibians, then reptiles (mammals are left out because they are usually just not found in flood sediments). So while they are transitions, they are not transitional fossils. Anyway, by looking at the habitats of "living fossils" we can better understand what the pre-flood ecology was like. Anyway, here is Mark's list of transitional fossils, as well as references:

Living Fossils



1. Diplopanax - Creation Ex Nihilo 12(4): 6,7 (Sept - Nov 1990)

2. Tuatara - Biblical Basis for Modern Science by Henry Morris (Baker Book
House, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 1984) pg.355; Scientific Creationism Edited
by Henry Morris (Master Books: El Cajon, CA, 1974) pg.89; The Genesis Flood
by John Whitcomb & Henry Morris (Presbyterian & Reformed Publishing:
Philipsburg, NJ, 1961) pgs.176, 177; The Creation-Evolution Controversy by
R.L. Wysong (Inquiry Press: Midland, Michigan, 1976) pg.287, 289; "The
Tuatara: Why is it a lone survivor?" by C. M. Bogert, Scientific Monthly, 76
(1953): 165; Sphenodon - Gliedman "Miracle Mutations", Science Digest (Feb,
1982) pgs.90, 92; A Case for Creation by Wayne Frair & Percival Davis (Moody
Press, 1967) pg.65

3. Latimeria chalumnae (Coelacanth) - Also mentioned in Creation Ex Nihilo
15(4): 45 (Sept - Nov, 1993); Creation 23(2): 5 (March - May, 2001); Forey,
"The Coelacanth as a Living Fossil" in Living Fossils, N. Eldredge & S.
Stanley, eds, 1984) pg.166; A Case for Creation by Wayne Frair & Percival
Davis (Moody Press, 1967) pg.65; Genes, Genesis & Evolution by John W. Klotz
(Concordia Publishing House: St. Louis, Missouri, 1955) pgs.200-202; Darwin
Retried: an appeal to reason by Norman Macbeth (Harvard Common Press:
Boston, Massachusetts, 1971) pg.121; Biology: A Search for Order in
Complexity, Edited by John N. Moore & Harold Slusher (Zondervan Publishing
House: Grand Rapids, Michigan, 1970) pg.264; The Biblical Basis for Modern
Science by Henry M. Morris (Baker Book House, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 1984)
pg.355; Scientific Creationism Edited by Henry Morris (Master Books: El
Cajon, CA, 1974) pg.89; The Genesis Flood by John Whitcomb & Henry Morris
(Presbyterian & Reformed Publishing: Philipsburg, NJ, 1961) pgs.177,178;
After Its Kind by Byron C. Nelson (Augsburg

Publishing House: Minneapolis, Minnesota, 1927) pg.55, 56; Life (April 3,
1939) pg.26; The Creation-Evolution Controversy by R.L. Wysong (Inquiry
Press: Midland, Michigan, 1976) pg.288, 292

4. Sea Lillies (echinoderm) - Also mentioned in The Creation-Evolution
Controversy by R.L. Wysong (Inquiry Press: Midland, Michigan, 1976) pg.288,
293

5. Starfish - Also mentioned in After His Kind by Byron C. Nelson (Augsburg
Publishing House: Minneapolis, Minnesota, 1927) pg.59; The
Creation-Evolution Controversy by R.L. Wysong (Inquiry Press: Midland,
Michigan, 1976) pg.287, 290

6. Lobsters

7. Nautilus - Also mentioned in Sturmer, "A small coleoid cephalopod with
soft parts from the lower Devonian discovered using radiography", 318 Nature
(1985) pgs53, 55; Ward, "Is Nautilus a Living Fossil?" in Living Fossils, N.
Eldredge & S. Stanley, eds, 1984) pg.247; The Creation-Evolution Controversy
by R.L. Wysong (Inquiry Press: Midland, Michigan, 1976) pg.288

8. Cockroaches - Also mentioned in Kuisinitz, Cockroach: The Ancient
Super-Pest, Science World (Feb 4, 1983) pg.12; The Creation-Evolution
Controversy by R.L. Wysong (Inquiry Press: Midland, Michigan, 1976) pg. 287,
290; "Insects in Amber" by C. T. Brues, Scientific American, 185 (1951)
pg.57

9. Dragonflies - Also mentioned in Evolution from Space by F. Hoyle & N.
Wickramasinghe (1981) pg.86, 89; The Creation-Evolution Controversy by R. L.
Wysong (Inquiry Press: Midland, Michigan, 1976) pg.287; "The Dragonfly:
Fossil on Wings" Science Digest, 49 (1961) pg.6

10. Ginkgo tree (maidenhair tree) - Also mentioned in Genes, Genesis &
Evolution by John Klotz (Concordia Publishing House: St. Louis, Missouri,
1955) pg.200; Darwin Retried: an appeal to reason by Norman Macbeth (Harvard
Common Press; Boston,

Massachusetts, 1971) pg.121; After Its Kind by Byron C. Nelson (Augsburg
Publishing House: Minneapolis, Minnesota, 1927) pg.58; The
Creation-Evolution Controversy by R.L. Wysong (Inquiry Press: Midland,
Michigan, 1976) pg.288, 291; Morphology and the Evolution of Fossil Plants
by T. Delevoryas (New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1962) pg.134

11. Sequoia - Metasequoia glyptostroboides trees mentioned in A Case for
Creation by Wayne Frair & Percival Davis (Moody Press, 1967) pg.65; Genes,
Genesis and Evolution by John W. Klotz (Concordia Publishing House: Saint
Louis, Missouri, 1955) pg. 200; Scientific Creationism Edited by Henry
Morris (Master Books: El Cajon, CA, 1974) pg.89; The Genesis Flood by John
Whitcomb and Henry Morris (Presbyterian & Reformed Publishing: Philipsburg,
NJ, 1961) pg.179, 180; The Creation-Evolution Controversy by R.L. Wysong
(Inquiry Press: Midland, Michigan, 1976) pg.287,291; "Metasequoia Discovery"
by R. Chaney, American Scientist, 36 (1948) pg.490

12. Peripatus (Wasp)

13. Lingula (Crabs) - 2~13 mentioned in Creation Ex Nihilo 15(2) Our World
(March - May, 1993); J. Beerbower, Search for the Past 168 (1960); A Case
for Creation by Wayne Frair & Percival Davis (Moody Press, 1967) pg.65;
Darwin Retried: An appeal to reason by Norman Macbeth (Harvard Common Press,
Boston, Massachusetts, 1971) pg.121; Scientific Creationism Edited by Henry
Morris (Master Books: El Cajon, CA, 1974) pg.89

14. Robinia and Baetidae (mayflies) Creation Ex Nihilo 15(3): 51 (June -
August, 1993); Evolution From Space, pg.86, 89

15. Syncarid - Creation Ex Nihilo 15(4): 23 (September - November 1993)

16. Liquiddambar - Creation Ex Nihilo 15(4): 45 (Sept - Nov 1993)

17. Comptonia and Limulus (horseshoe crabs) Xiphosurans Creation Ex Nihilo
16(1): 6 (Dec - Feb, 1994); Gliedman, "Miracle Mutations" Science Digest
(Feb, 1982) pg.90, 92; A Case for Creation by Wayne Frair & Percival Davis
(Moody Press, 1967) pg.65; Galatheid crabs & horseshoe crabs in Of Pandas
and People by Percival Davis & Dean Kenyon; Academic Editor Charles Thaxton
(Haughton Publishing Co.: Dallas, Texas, 1989) pg.99; "Living fossils"
Creation 26(4): 24,25 (September - November, 2004)

18. Penaeus and Antrimpos (shrimp) Creation Ex Nihilo 16(2): 6 (March - May,
1994)

19. Mapinguari - Creation Ex Nihilo 16(3): 9 (June - August, 1994)

20 Triops cancriformis (tadpole shrimp); Lepidurus apus, Triops - Creation
16(3): 51 (June - August, 1994); Also Creation 16(4): 50,51 (Sept - Nov,
1994); Creation 23(3): 15 (June - Aug, 2001)

21. Polistes (Wasp) - Creation 17(1): 28 (Dec 1994 - Feb 1995)

22. Wollemia nobilis (Wollemi pine tree) - Creation 17(2): 13 (March - May,
1995); Creation 23(1): 6 (Dec 2000 - Feb, 2001); Creation 23(3): 56 (June -
Aug, 2001); Creation 27(4): 8 (September - November 2005) Impact #394 (April
2006) "Wollemi Pine'-Old pollen records for a newly discovered genus of
gymnosperm" Geology Today 11(2): 48-50 (1995) by M Macphail, K Hill, A
Partridge, E Truswell, and C Foster; "Wollemi Pine" Nature Australia 25(2):
22 (1995) by K McGhee; The Wollemi Pine: The Incredible Discovery of a
Living Fossil from the Age of Dinosaurs, 2nd edition (Text Publishing
Company: Melbourne, Australia, 2002) by J Woodford

23. Pleurotomaria - Creation 17(2): 52 (March - May 1995)

24. Crinoid Anthedon - Creation 17(3): 52 (June - Aug 1995)

25. Busycon contrarium - Creation 17(4): 6 (Sept - Nov, 1995)

26. Northomyrmecia macrops (dinosaur ants) - Creation 17(4): 7 (Sept - Nov,
1995); Many ants, J. Beerbower, Search for the Past 168 (1960); A Case for
Creation by Wayne Frair & Percival Davis (Moody Press, 1967) pg.65

27. Bathynomus (Sea lice) - Creation 18(2): 7 (March - May, 1996)

28. Budgerigar (budgies) - Creation 18(3): 8 (June - Aug, 1996)

29. Acer monspessulanum (maple leaf) - Creation 18(3): 41 (June - Aug, 1996)

30. Lavarackorum elseya (turtle) - Creation 18(4): 7 (Sept - Nov, 1996)

31. Anadara (bivalve) - Creation 19(3): 52 (June - Aug, 1997)

32. Exocoetoides minor (flying fish) - Creation 20(1): 56 (Dec 1997 - Feb,
1998)

33. Bohartilla and Stichotreme - Creation 20(3): 55 (June - Aug, 1998)

34. Allaeochelys crassesculptata and Carettochelys insculpta (Fossil &
Living Turtle) - Creation 21(2): 29 (March - May, 1999); Snapping Turtle
mentioned in Of Pandas and People by Percival Davis & Dean Kenyon; Academic
Editor Charles Thaxton (Haughton Publishing Co.: Dallas, Texas, 1989) pg.99

35. Rhamphorhynchoid Pterosaur Scaphognathus Crassirostris - Proc 4th Int'l
Conf Creation (1998) pg.253-269

36. Koelreuteria (leaf) - Creation 21(4): 33 (Sept - Nov, 1999)

37. Nightcap Oak (Australian tree) - Creation 23(2): 6 (March - May 2001)

38. Prawn (genus Penacus) - Creation 23(3): 15 (June - Aug, 2001)

39. Raptophasma Kerneggeri (Gladiator insect) assigned to new order
Mantophasmatodea - Creation 25(2): 51,52 (March - May 2003)

40. Bacillus circulans - (bacteria) - 108 Annals N.Y. Acad. Science 453
(1963); Guiness Book of World Records by N. & R. McWhirter (New York:
Sterling, 1973) pg.97; The Creation-Evolution Controversy by R.L. Wysong
(Inquiry Press: Midland, Michigan, 1976) pg.287

41. E. elfriedae (squid) - Sturmer, "A small coleoid cephalopod with soft
parts from the lower Devonian discovered using radiography", 318 Nature
pg.53, 55 (1985)

42. Cephalocarids (mollusk) - Hessler, "Cephalocarida: Living Fossil Without
a Fossil Record, in Living Fossils, N. Eldredge & S. Stanley, eds, 1984)
pg.181

43. Neopilinia, Neomphalus, Neritopsis - Batten in id, Living Fossil
Molluscs, pg.218; A Case for Creation by Wayne Frair & Percival Davis (Moody
Press, 1967) pg.65; Scientific Creationism Edited by Henry Morris (Master
Books, El Cajon, CA, 1974) pg. 89; The Genesis Flood by John Whitcomb &
Henry Morris (Presbyterian & Reformed Publishing: Philipsburg, NJ, 1961)
pg.178; "New Missing Link Discovered" Science by Bentley Glass, Vol.126,
pg.158 (July 26, 1957); The Creation-Evolution Controversy by R.L. Wysong
(Inquiry Press: Midland, Michigan, 1976) pg.287, 289; Guiness Book of World
Records, Edited by N. & R. McWhirter (New York: Sterling, 1973) pg.89

44. Campanile symbolicum (snail) - Houbrick in id, The Giant
Creeper...Marine Snail, pg.232

45. Distoma melanioides - Houbrick in id, Snail from South Australia, pg.236

46. Nellia tenella (bryozoan) - Winston & Cheetham, "The Bryozoan Nellia
tenella as a Living Fossil, in id.at 257

47. Heliopora (coelenterate coral) - Colgan, "The Cretaceous Coral
Heliopora..." in id. at 266

48. Bowfin (fishes) - S. Stanley, The New Evolutionary Timetable 83-84
(1981); Of Pandas & People by Percival Davis & Dean Kenyon; Academic Editor
Charles Thaxton (Haughton Publishing Co.: Dallas, Texas, 1989) pg.99

49. Lepisosteidae (Gars) - Wiley & Schultze, "Family Lepisosteidae (Gars) as
Living Fossils" in Living Fossils at 160, 163 N. Eldredge & S. Stanley eds
(1984)

50. Lungfishes - S. Stanley, The New Evolutionary Timetable 84 (1981);
Darwin Retried: an appeal to reason by Norman Macbeth (Harvard Common Press:
Boston Massachusetts, 1971) pg.121

51. Chanidae (teleostean fish) - Patterson "Family Chanidae and Other
Teleostean Fishes as Living Fossils" in Living Fossils at 132 (N. Eldredge &
S. Stanley eds. 1984)

52. Denticeps clupeoides - Greenwood "Denticeps clupeoides Clausen... in
id.at 140

53. Polypterus and Erpetoichthys (osteichthyans) - Greenwood "Polypterus and
Erpetoichthys: Anachronistic Osteichthyans, in id.at 143

54. Sturgeons - Gardiner "Sturgeons as Living Fossils" in id.at 148

55. Amia (neopterygian) - Schultze & Wiley "The Neopterygian Amia as a
Living Fossil" in id. at 153

56. Bat - Mayr, "Discussion" in Mathematical Challenges to the Neo-Darwinian
Interpretation of Evolution 54,58 (P. Moorhead & M. Kaplan eds 1967); Jepsen
"Early Eocene Bat from Wyoming" 154 Science 1333 (1966); E. Russell, The
Diversity of Animals 123 (1962); The Creation-Evolution Controversy by R.L.
Wysong (Inquiry Press: Midland, Michigan, 1976) pg.287, 288

57. Protosciurus (flying squirrel) - Emry & Thorington "The Tree Squirrel
Sciurus...as a Living Fossil" in Living Fossils 23,30 (N. Eldredge & S.
Stanley eds. 1984)

58. Tapiridae and Tragulidae (Tragulids) - Janis "Tragulids as Living
Fossils" in id.at 87,93

59. Rhynchochyon (Elephant shrews) - Novacek "Evolutionary Stasis in the
Elephant-Shrew, Rhynchochyon" in id.at 4

60. Tupaia (Tree shrews) - Tattersall "The Tree-Shrew, Tupaia: A 'Living
Fossil Model' of the Ancestral Primate?" in id.at 32

61. Tarsiers - Schwartz "What Is a Tarsier?" in id.at 38

62. Bovidae (Bovids) - Vrba "Evolutionary Pattern and Process in the
Sister-Group Alcelaphini-Aepycerotini (Mammalia: Bovidae), in id. pg. 62

63. Tapirs - Janis "Tapirs as Living Fossils" in id. pg.80

64. Opossums - Also mentioned in A Case for Creation by Wayne Frair &
Percival Davis (Moody Press, 1967) pg.65; Darwin Retried: an appeal to
reason by Norman Macbeth (Harvard Common Press: Boston, Massachusetts, 1971)
pg.121

65. Pangolins

66. New world porcupines - Also mentioned in Of Pandas and People by
Percival Davis & Dean Kenyon; Academic Editor, Charles Thaxton (Haughton
Publishing Co.: Dallas, Texas, 1989) pg.99

67. Aardvarks - 65 ~ 68: W.R. Bird The Origin of Species Revisited
(Philosophical Library: New York, NY, 1987) pg.68; Of Pandas and People by
Percival Davis & Dean Kenyon, Charles B. Thaxton, Academic Editor (Haughton
Publishing co., Dallas, Texas, 1989) pg.99

68. Platypus - Darwin Retried: an appeal to reason by Norman Macbeth
(Harvard Common Press: Boston, Massachusetts, 1971) pg.121

69. Oyster - Darwin Retried: an appeal to reason by Norman Macbeth (Harvard
Common Press: Boston, Massachusetts, 1971) pg. 121

70. Lepidocaris (crustacean) - "Ecology, Paleontology, and Stratigraphy" by
Harry S. Ladd, Science, Vol.129 (Jan 9, 1959) pg. 74; The Genesis Flood by
John Whitcomb & Henry Morris (Presbyterian & Reformed Publishing:
Philipsburg, NJ, 1961) pg.178;

Notostracan (crustaceans) in Of Pandas and People by Percival Davis & Dean
Kenyon; Academic Editor Charles Thaxton (Haughton Publishing Co.: Dallas,
Texas, 1989) pg.99

71. Hickory (leaf) - After Its Kind by Byron C. Nelson (Augsburg Publishing
House: Minneapolis, Minnesota, 1927) pg.52

72. Japanese Oak (leaf) - After Its Kind by Byron Nelson (Augsburg
Publishing House: Minneapolis, Minnesota, 1927) pg.53

73. Walnut (leaf) - After Its Kind by Byron Nelson (Augsburg Publishing
House: Minneapolis, Minnesota, 1927) pg.54

74. Grape (leaf) - After Its Kind by Byron Nelson (Augsburg Publishing
House: Minneapolis, Minnesota, 1927) pg.55

75. Magnolia (leaf) - After Its Kind by Byron Nelson (Augsburg Publishing
House: Minneapolis, Minnesota, 1927) pg.57

76. Spider - The Creation-Evolution Controversy by R.L. Wysong (Inquiry
Press: Midland, Michigan, 1976) pg.290

77. Myriopod (centipede-millipede) - The Creation-Evolution Controversy by
R.L Wysong (Inquiry Press: Midland, Michigan, 1976) pg.290

78. Cycad (tree) - Essentials of Earth History by W.L. Stokes (New Jersey:
Prentice Hall, 1960) pg.266; The Creation-Evolution Controversy by R.L.
Wysong (Inquiry Press: Midland, Michigan, 1976) pg. 288,292

79. Switch-pine

80. Turnip-pine

81. Club-mosses

82. Horsetails

83. Ferns

84. Liverworts

85. Mosses

86. Hornworts - 80~87 in The Creation-Evolution Controversy by R.L. Wysong
(Inquiry Press: Midland, Michigan, 1976) pg.288

87. Apus (crustacean) - The International Wildlife Encyclopedia, Eds. M. &
R. Burton (New York: Marshall Cavendish, 1969) pg.75; The Creation-
Evolution Controversy by R.L Wysong (Inquiry Press: Midland, Michigan, 1976)
pg.288

88. Heterodontus Japonicus (Port Jackson Shark)

89. Cow Shark

90. Cat Shark - 89~91 in The Creation-Evolution Controversy by R.L. Wysong
(Inquiry Press: Midland, Michigan, 1976) pg.293

91. Sea Urchin - The Creation-Evolution Controversy by R.L. Wysong (Inquiry
Press: Midland, Michigan, 1976) pg.288; Echinoneid Sea Urchin in Of Pandas
and People by Percival Davis & Dean Kenyon; Academic Editor Charles Thaxton
(Haughton Publishing Co.: Dallas, Texas, 1989) pg.99

92. Spirula (squid) - The Creation-Evolution Controversy by R.L. Wysong
(Inquiry Press: Midland, Michigan, 1976) pg.288, 294

93. Vampyroteuthis (squid-octopus) - The Nightmare World of the Shark by J.
Cook & W. Wisner (New York: Dodd, 1968) pg.12; Abyss - The Deep Sea and the
Creatures That Live in it, by C. Idyll (New York: Crowell, 1971)
pgs.232-253; The Creation-Evolution Controversy by R.L. Wysong (Inquiry
Press: Midland, Michigan, 1976) pg.288, 294

94. Alligators - Of Pandas and People by Percival Davis & Dean Kenyon;
Academic Editor Charles Thaxton (Haughton Publishing Co.: Dallas, Texas,
1989) pg.99

95. Sirens (amphibians) - Of Pandas and People by Percival Davis & Dean
Kenyon; Academic Editor Charles Thaxton (Haughton Publishing Co.: Dallas,
Texas, 1989) pg.99

96. Kakabekia (protozoan) - Of Pandas and People by Percival Davis & Dean
Kenyon, Academic Editor Charles Thaxton (Haughton Publishing Co.: Dallas,
Texas, 1989) pg.99

97. Salamanders - of the Cryptobranchidae family - Creation 26(2): 26,27
(March - May, 2004) by David Catchpoole

98. Nasikabatrachus sahyadrensis - (frog) - Creation 26(3): 8 (June - August
2004) anon.; Nature (October 16, 2003) pp.669-670, 711-714; New Scientist
(October 18, 2003) p.19

99. Diplopanax stachyanthus - woody mastixioid fruit - "Fossil Mastixioid
(Cornaceae) alive in eastern Asia" American Journal of Botany 77: 689-92
(1990) by Richard H. Eyde and Xiang Qiuyun; "Problems in the interpretation
of variation within the fossil record" Creation Research Society Quarterly
28(2): 52,53 (September, 1991) by Trevor J. Major

100. Butterflies - "Fluttering among the dinos" Creation 26(4): 8
(September - November 2004); New Scientist, 27 (March 2004) p.17

101. Rhyniognatha hirsti - "'Evolutionary origins' continue to be pushed
back in time" TJ 18(3): 7 (2004) by Michael J. Oard; "New light shed on the
oldest insect" Nature 427: 627-630 (2004) by MS Engel and DA Grimaldi

102. Diatomyidae (Laotian rock rat) rat-squirrel (rodent) - thought to be
extinct for 11 million years; Science (March 10, 2006) co-authored by Mary
Dawson (Paleontologist, Pittsburgh, Carnegie Museum of Natural History)

103. Neoglyphea inopinata - lobster/shrimp-like crustacean; mentioned in
"Living fossil' found in Coral Sea" source:
http://msnbc.msn.com/id/12875772/; found in the southwest entrance to Manila
Bay, Philippinnes, 1908

104. Neoglyphea neocaledonica - mud lobster/shrimp-like creature; "Living
fossil' found in Coral Sea" http://msnbc.msn.com/id/12875772/ ; found in the
Chesterfield islands, northwest of New Caledonia, Coral Sea; thought to have
been extinct for 60 million years

105. Laonastes aenigmamus - Laotian rock rat; Southeast Asia; Systematics &
Biodiversity (April 2005) Believed to have been extinct for 11 million
years. A rodent in the mammalian group of diatonyids - Answers 1(1): 8, 9
(July - September 2006); "Kebab meat rodent gives birth to new family" New
Scientist 186(2500): 18 (2005) by J. Pickrell; "Rodent resurrection" Science
311(5766): 1341 (2006) by S. Hurtley & P. Szuromi; "Laonastes and the
"Lazarus effect" in recent mammals" Science 311(5766): 1456-1458 (2006)

106. Neoglyphea neocaledonica (crustacean) found in the Coral Sea between
Caledonia & Australia; believed to have been extinct 60 million years;
www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12875772 (May 26, 2006);
http://www.msnbc.msn.com:80/id/12875772/ (May 19, 2006)

107. Gracilidris (ant) found in the Dominican Republic on Hispaniola Island;
believed to have been 15-20 million years; "Ants of the Dominican Amber
(Hymenoptera: Formicidae). 3 The subfamily Dolichoderinae" Psyche 92(1):
17-37 (1985) by E.O. Wilson; "Rediscovery of a fossil dolichoderine ant
lineage (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Dolichoderinae) and a description of a new
genus from South America" Zootaxa 1142: 57-68 (2006) by A.L. Wild and F.
Cuezzo

108. Priscomyzon riniensis (lamprey) believed to 360 million years old;
Nature 443(7114): 921-984 (October 26, 2006); Creation 29(2):10 (March - May
2007)